AI usage policy

Authorship and responsibility

AI, including language models and generative systems, cannot be considered authors or co-authors. Authors alone are fully responsible for the content of the article, including the accuracy of data, facts, and citations, even when assisted by AI.

Permitted use of AI

The use of AI is permitted solely for auxiliary purposes, such as proofreading, translation, editing, formatting, or the creation of graphical summaries. Tools such as ChatGPT, DeepL, Grammarly, or LanguageTool may be used provided they do not alter the substantive content of the manuscript. Any use of AI must always be disclosed.

Prohibited use of AI

The following uses of AI are not permitted:

· generating key sections of the article (analyses, interpretations, literature reviews, conclusions, or research descriptions) while using AI

· using AI without proper disclosure in the manuscript

· presenting AI-generated content as the author’s own contribution

Failure to disclose the use of AI constitutes a breach of ethical standards.