Abstract
This article discusses the phenomenon of virtual influencers who gain popularity through their activities in pop culture and social media. Its goal is to systematize existing knowledge on the topic. In order to illustrate the issue with the usage of the case study method, the article describes Instagram star Miquela and the influencers from Aww Inc. On selected examples the author presents models and ways in which these entities function today.
References
Black Daniel. 2008. „The Virtual Ideal. Virtual Idols, Cute Technology and Unclean Biology”. Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies t. 22, nr 1. 37–50.
View in Google Scholar
Black Taylor C. 2019. „Just a Robot Keeping It Real. Lil Miquela, Instagram, and the Performance of Authenticity”. tba: Journal of Art, Media, and Visual Culture t. 1, nr 1. „FAKE”. https://ojs.lib.uwo.ca/index.php/tba/issue/view/892. (dostęp: 29.10.2021).
View in Google Scholar
Burden David, Savin-Baden Maggi. 2019. Virtual Humans Today and Tomorrow. Boca Raton.
View in Google Scholar
Crystal Abidin. 2018. Internet Celebrity. Understanding Fame Online. Bingley.
View in Google Scholar
Gibson William. Idoru. Zbigniew A. Królicki (przeł.). Katowice.
View in Google Scholar
KA Yan Lam. 2016. „The Hatusne Miku Phenomenon. More Than a Virtual J-Pop Diva”. The Journal of Popular Culture t. 49, nr 5. 1107–1124.
View in Google Scholar
Kaplan Frédéric. 2004. „Who Is Afraid of the Humanoid? Investigating Cultural Differences in the Acceptance of Robots”. International Journal of Humanoid Robotics t. 1, nr 3. 1–16.
View in Google Scholar
Konefał Sebastian Jakub. 2013. Corpus futuri. Literackie i filmowe wizerunki postludzi w anglosaskiej fantastyce naukowej oraz ich komiksowe i telewizyjne reinterpretacje. Gdańsk.
View in Google Scholar
MacDorman Karl F., Vasudevan Sandosh K., Chin-Chang Ho. 2009. „Does Japan Really Have Robot Mania? Comparing Attitudes by Implicit and Explicit Measures”. AI & Soc t. 23, nr 4. DOI 10.1007/s00146-008-0181-2.
View in Google Scholar
Magnenat-Thalmann Nadia, Thalmann Daniel. 2004. An Overview of Virtual Humans. W: Handbook of Virtual Humans. Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann, Daniel Thalmann (red.). Chichester West Sussex. 1–26.
View in Google Scholar
Marwick Alice E. 2019. The Algorithmic Celebrity. W: Microcelebrity Around the Globe. Crystal Abidin. Megan Lindsay Brown (red.). Bingley. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-749-820181015. (dostęp: 19.05.2022).
View in Google Scholar
Radkowska-Walkowicz Magdalena. 2008. Od Golema do Terminatora. Wizerunki sztucznego człowieka w kulturze. Warszawa.
View in Google Scholar
Robinson Ben. 2020. „Towards an Ontology and Ethics of Virtual Influencers”. Australasian Journal of Information Systems t. 24, Selected papers from the 2019 AiCE Conference. https://journal.acs.org.au/index.php/ajis/article/view/2807. (dostęp: 29.10.2021).
View in Google Scholar
Travers Christopher Travers. 2020. What Is a Virtual Influencer? Virtual Influencers, Defined and Explained. https://www.virtualhumans.org/article/ what-is-a-virtual-influencer-virtual-influencers-defined-and-explained. (dostęp: 29.10.2021).
View in Google Scholar
Wojciechowski Piotr. 2013. „Jak człowiek stworzył człowieka. Geneza zjawiska sztucznych ludzi w kulturze”. Kultura Popularna nr 2(36). 94–111.
View in Google Scholar
@imma.gram. Post z 28 grudnia 2020. https://www.instagram.com/p/ CJVUr46DsW6/? utm_source=ig_web_copy_link. (dostęp: 29.10.2021).
View in Google Scholar
@lilmiquela. Post z 19 kwietnia 2018. https://www.instagram.com/p/ BhwuJcmlWh8/? utm_source=ig_embed. (dostęp: 29.10.2021).
View in Google Scholar
Asia Trend. Japanese Virtual Model Imma. https://asiatrend.org/lifestyle/fashion/ japanese-virtual-model-imma/. (dostęp: 29.10.2021).
View in Google Scholar
Bartneck Christoph [i in.]. 2007. The Influence of People’s Culture and Prior Experiences with Aibo on Their Attitude towards Robots. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 225723796_The_influence_of_people’s_culture_and_prior_experiences_with_ Aibo_on_their_attitude_towards_robots. (dostęp: 29.10.2021).
View in Google Scholar
Black Daniel. 2006. FCJ-054 Digital Bodies and Disembodied Voices. Virtual Idols and the Virtualised Body. https://nine.fibreculturejournal.org/ fcj-054-digital-bodies-and-
View in Google Scholar
-disembodied-voices-virtual- idols-and-the-virtualised-body/. (dostęp: 29.10.2021).
View in Google Scholar
Eror Aleks. Meet Lil Miquela, the AI Influencer. https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/ lil-
View in Google Scholar
-miquela-cover-story-issue-16/. (dostęp: 29.10.2021).
View in Google Scholar
Hatsune Miku. bdw. https://ethnomuseum.pl/projekty/hatsune-miku/. (dostęp: 29.10.2021).
View in Google Scholar
IKEA Japan Launched a 72-hour Experience in Harajuku Shop Window: Virtual Model imma Lived in the Real World. https://workshowcase.net/ikea-harajuku-with-imma-awards. (dostęp: 29.10.2021).
View in Google Scholar
imma. https://aww.tokyo/vhuman/imma/. (dostęp: 29.10.2021).
View in Google Scholar
imma featured in Forbes Women “Women of the Year 2020”. 2020a. https://aww.tokyo/news/2020/12/272/. (dostęp: 29.10.2021).
View in Google Scholar
imma’s invites everyone to visit her house in Animal Crossing. 2020b. https://aww.tokyo/news/2020/12/268/. (dostęp: 29.10.2021).
View in Google Scholar
immaten. https://www.diesel.co.jp/art/en/immaten/. (dostęp: 29.10.2021).
View in Google Scholar
Influencer. Słownik języka polskiego PWN. https://sjp.pwn.pl/msr/szukaj/influencer. (dostęp: 29.10.2021).
View in Google Scholar
Jakie wymagania trzeba spełnić, aby ubiegać się o oznaczenie potwierdzające weryfikację na Instagramie?. https://help.instagram.com/312685272613322?helpref=uf_permalink. (dostęp: 29.10.2021).
View in Google Scholar
The Mini Electric Launched by Miquela. https://www.mini.com/en_MS/home/automotive/launchedby.html. (dostęp: 29.10.2021).
View in Google Scholar
Miquela. I’m Miquela, a Real-Life Robot Mess. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bn3tUUtj2M. (dostęp: 29.10.2021).
View in Google Scholar
Petrarca Emilia. Everything We Know about the Feud between These Two Computer - Generated Instagram Influencers. https://www.thecut.com/2018/04/lil-miquela-hack-instagram.html. (dostęp: 29.10.2021).
View in Google Scholar
Strona główna Aww Inc. https://aww.tokyo/. (dostęp: 29.10.2021).
View in Google Scholar
TIME STAFF. 2018. The 25 Most Influential People on the Internet. https://time.com/5324130/most-influential-internet/. (dostęp: 29.10.2021).
View in Google Scholar
Wolff W. D. bdw. Kyoko Date—Virtual Idol: A Retrospective View. http://www.wdirewolff.com/jkyoko.htm. (dostęp: 29.10.2021).
View in Google Scholar
Gwiezdne wojny, część IV: Nowa nadzieja (Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope). 1977. George Lucas (reż.).
View in Google Scholar
Łowca androidów (Blade Runner). 1982. Ridley Scott (reż.).
View in Google Scholar
Matrix (The Matrix). 1999. Lilly Wachowski i Lana Wachowski (reż.).
View in Google Scholar
Terminator (The Terminator). 1984. James Cameron (reż.).
View in Google Scholar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.